Last week I started a part-time volunteering gig at the New
York Genealogical and Biographical Society in Manhattan , an organization partnered with the
New York Public Library to help people research their ancestry. I’ve assisted
in indexing a section of the 1855 New York State Census (Manhattan’s 17th
Ward) which is partially damaged from a
long-ago fire, but with portions still intact I came across the name of a George
W. Matsell while idly perusing the types of mid-19th century
occupations. He is listed as the Chief of Police, and my interest was piqued
because my father-in-law was a 40 year veteran of the New York City Police
Force retiring with the rank of Captain in 1986. Matsell was actually the first
police commissioner of New York City , and in
1849 helped protect lower Manhattan from the
violence of the Astor Place Riots which pitted nativists against immigrants in
what has always been the ongoing quest for cultural and political supremacy in New York . But he also
was a sort of Renaissance Man – prior to joining and helping to revamp the
police force, he was merchant sailor, owned a popular bookstore on Chatham
Street (now called Park Row, near City Hall) specializing in freethinking philosophy
and spiritualism, and upon his retirement as Chief of Police published a book
of criminal slang entitled The Secret
Language of Crime: Vocabulum or The Rogues Lexicon which is still in
print.
Great riot at the Astor Place Opera House, New York: On Thursday Evening May 10th 1849
Date Created/Published: New York : Published by N. Currier, c1849.
Retrieved, Library of Congress Website, January 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002695805/
The 17th Ward was located in today’s East Village ,
and although the street address is not recorded, it is noted that Mastell lived
in a brick dwelling that was worth $7,000 and there were 10 members in his
household including his wife, Ellen, 4 children, 3 boarders and a 20 year old
Irish servant named Catharine Murther. By the time of his death in 1877 he was
residing on East 58th
Street . He left behind no descendants, but a hell
of an obituary in the New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70E15FD3D5A1A7B93C4AB178CD85F438784F9.
He is buried in the graveyard of Trinity
Church .
If you are interested in reading more about the Astor Place
Riots, I highly recommend The Shakespeare
Riots: Revenge, Drama, and Death in Nineteenth-Century America by
Nigel Cliff.